Black leopard cat in Sunderbans and subsequent mangled news
Was alerted about this story of the mysterious black cat of the Sunderbands from TetZoo’s tweet. Apparently, a small black cat was recorded by camera traps in the Sunderbands protected area in India and this news was then picked up and mangled an international news agency.
The original report by Times of India and more details that were subsequently published were clear enough. A small, black cat “bigger than a wild cat and smaller than a leopard”, with a long tail was photographed in the Sunderbands and this puzzled scientists enough for them to think that there is possibility that it may be a new species. No photos of the said cat were published, although one showing a fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and leopard cat was shown.
Image in original article showing a fishing cat (above) and leopard cat (below) instead. Source: Times of India/WWF-India.
This is newsy because no known cats in that area meet those descriptions. Melanistic (black) forms of cats such as the leopard (Panthera pardus) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii) do not occur in that area. Scientists from the Wildlife Institute of India then identified it as a black leopard cat, with tail proportion being an important identification character. I find this most interesting as black or melanistic forms of the leopard cat have never been recorded. Discounting bad lighting, a small black cat that resembles a leopard cat may possibly be a leopard cat with a mutated coat colour gene, something else unknown to science, or simply a skinny black domestic cat. This is probably why they are now excited as to how many of such cats exist and if it is a genetic mutation or a new species.
However, this news was picked up by International Business Times, which reported “Bangladesh Sunderbans Wildlife Survey Finds New Species of Leopard“. They also called it a “never before seen big cat” in the article, although a conflicting description of it as a small cat also appears. Adding to the confusion was the file photo and video containing a melanistic leopard (Panthera pardus). The video is now all over the Internet.
International Business Times report. Source: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk
In my opinion, the International Business Times could have avoided the mistake with a science-trained journalist or if the journalist sent the article or details for fact verification before publishing. On the other hand, why were the original camera trap photos not shown? Perhaps the Sunderbans researchers are embargoing the pictures till publication, but until that happens and a specimen is found, a black leopard cat will still remain a cryptozoological animal.
Update:
Camera trap pictures of the cats. Source: WWF-India.
From TetZoo through LordGeekington, camera trap photos are apparently online and shows a heavily blotched leopard cat which also brings to mind some dark bengal cats (domestic cat x leopard cat hybrid). If the images are not flipped, it seems that at least two individuals exist. I wonder if leopard cats with darker coats have a selective advantage in the Sunderbans, and if the trait is heriditary, may lead to more of such cats appearing.
Thanks for this post Marcus! I read the original news articles and was rather confused.
Glad to have made things a little clearer. Seems like the broken telephone game also applies to the Internet!
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第一步：基礎護理——改善生活習慣是根本
要讓痔瘡縮小，首先需從根源調整生活習慣。多攝取高纖維食物並補充足夠水分，幫助糞便軟化，避免排便過度用力。每天進行溫水坐浴，能促進局部血液循環，這是最自然的緩解痔瘡方式之一。
第二步：精準用藥——針對性紓解腫脹不適
在調整生活習慣的同時，搭配能直接作用於患處的痔瘡用藥能更快見效。例如Borraginol A注入軟膏這類含有四種有效成分的產品，特別適合作為外痣藥使用：
1.醋酸潑尼松龍能抑制發炎反應，從根本減輕腫脹
2.利多卡因可快速紓解疼痛與搔癢感
3.尿囊素與維他命E有助修復受損組織
這款保能痔A注入軟膏的注入式設計能將藥效直達患處，被許多人認為是最有效的痔瘡藥膏之一。
何時該尋求專業協助？
若透過日常護理與藥物使用約10天左右，腫脹仍未改善，建議盡快就醫。作為一款值得信賴的日本成藥，這類痔瘡 藥膏在正確使用一下能提供良好效果，但嚴重情況仍需專業治療。
溫馨提醒
「怎麼讓痔瘡縮小」需要耐心與正確方法。透過生活調整搭配適合的痔瘡藥膏，多數症狀能獲得控制。用痔瘡 藥膏前請務必詳閱說明書，遵循正確使用方式。
小技巧：配合溫水坐浴後使用藥膏，血液循環提升，效果更加乘！
Regular serum levels of testosterone in the grownup male range from 300 to
1,000 ng/dL with the normal physiologic manufacturing of testosterone ranging from 2.1 to 11.0 mg per day [24].
There is an age-related decline in total serum testosterone values, leading
to an elevated incidence of hypogonadism within the getting older inhabitants [30].
Conversely, younger males might experience medical signs of hypogonadism despite having ‘normal’ whole serum testosterone values albeit in the lower vary [31].
Testosterone levels are inclined to observe a pure circadian rhythm with values
surging within the morning, making early morning
testing important for correct measurement [32].
Testosterone, the prototypical androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS), was first isolated,
characterized, and synthesized in 1935 [10,11]. Shortly after
its introduction, researchers noted its ability to stimulate muscular growth and curiosity grew in its potential purposes
for supratherapeutic use and athletic performance.
Delicate hirsutism happens in round 1 out of 5 women given a hundred and fifty mg testosterone
enanthate each 4 weeks and is reversible after cessation of use (223).
Similarly, in postmenopausal ladies who previously underwent hysterectomy with or with out oophorectomy, 12.5 mg and 25 mg testosterone enanthate
weekly for 24 weeks led to a small improve in hirsutism (224).
Lower dosages as much as 6.25 mg weekly did not, suggesting a threshold for developing hirsutism
in response to testosterone at a dosage someplace between 6.25 and 12.5 mg weekly.
The nature of erectile dysfunction could be classified as psychogenic,
organic or blended psychogenic and natural (193).
Extra latest well-designed trials continued to supply further assist
for the potent muscle-building results of AAS that had already been acknowledged by
athletes for decades (15, 22, 35–38). Athletes must be educated in regards to the critical potential harm from these medicine, which may
be irreversible and even deadly, and that there are actually
very refined methods of detecting them within the blood and urine.
Athletes additionally must know that many anabolic steroids
purchased illegally and on-line are counterfeit and comprise
probably toxic additives. Anabolic steroids additionally upregulate and increase
the variety of androgen receptors, thus enabling increased coaching
depth and not directly contributing to increased muscle measurement and power.
They even have a stimulatory effect on the brain by way of their diverse
effects on varied central nervous system neurotransmitters, antagonism of glucocorticoids, and stimulation of the
growth hormone-insulin-like development factor-1 axis.
Despite acceptable treatment regimens, a major proportion of men with a previous
historical past of anabolic steroid use proceed to exhibit severe oligospermia, with greater than half
displaying restricted enchancment in semen parameters after six months of remedy.
In conclusion, we will argue that in female AAS abusers, belonging
typically to the category of girls in premenopausal age,
the utilization of AASs can’t be causal for breast and endometrial cancer.
More consideration must be paid to sufferers taking at the identical time estrogen and AASs,
but there aren’t any studies on the subject. In postmenopausal treated girl, remedy
with solely androgens appear safer than mixed therapy with estrogens plus
testosterone [45]. Some research even present that testosterone remedy in postmenopausal women reduces the incidence of breast cancer [56, 57].
Effectively, testosterone in vitro blocks breast cells proliferation and
the expression of estrogen receptor genes, with an antiproliferative and proapoptotic motion, probably mediated by the androgen receptor.
But, in vivo, most of exogenous androgens are partially
metabolized in breast tissue to estrogens, so additional investigations are
required [41].
This has resulted with varying estimates of non-prescribed AAS utilization starting from 6.6% of male high school seniors to 7.3% of female center
schoolers [50,51]. A more rigorous evaluation encompassing several recent research estimates that 2.9 to four million People aged thirteen to 50 have tried AAS at least as soon as.
The investigators discovered that the median age of first
AAS use was 22 years old and that solely thirteen.1% of users had started prior to
age 18. Though past the scope of this review, the antagonistic results of AAS prolong far past the reproductive system.
These are wide ranging and encompass the cardiac, hepatic,
renal, musculoskeletal, endocrine and hematopoietic methods
amongst others [33,37,38,39,40].
Anabolic steroids suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, stopping sperm production in as little as three months.
[17] Basile JR, Binmadi NO, Zhou H, Yang YH, Paoli A, Proia P.
Supraphysiological doses of performance enhancing anabolic-androgenic steroids exert direct poisonous effects on neuron-like cells.
“During my work in Professor Allan Pacey’s laboratory, I was interested in sperm operate and how it relates to fertility,” he explains.
Past its medical use, the misuse and abuse of testosterone and its derivatives like anabolic steroids have emerged as significant public health points.
The unregulated use of these medication can impair male fertility
potential by suppressing the HPG axis and inflicting psychological and cardiovascular antagonistic results [15,16].
The evolving prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS)
abuse amongst nonathletes is alarming due to the recognized
harm to an individual’s health. Thus, the current narrative
D-Bal Max review summarizes the state-of-art concerning the effects of AAS on male
fertility and sexual perform.
Vilar Neto et al.[45] revealed a case report of a younger wholesome man who developed complete HPG axis derangements after eight weeks of beginning supraphysiological doses
of AAS. The recovery of hormonal parameters often happens by 1 year,
however not at all times.[42] It is feasible that elements corresponding to age, dose and length of AAS abuse could play a task within the persistence of hypogonadism.
Anabolic steroids, artificial derivatives of testosterone, are broadly used to enhance
muscle mass and athletic efficiency. Despite their recognition, many
customers are unaware of their detrimental results on male fertility.
The main concern is how these steroids intrude
with the body’s pure hormone production, leading to
a cascade of reproductive issues. After I first started bodybuilding, I was amazed by the transformations and the strength features that anabolic steroids could supply.
Nonetheless, as I discovered extra, I started to grasp the significant and sometimes ignored impacts
these substances, including fertility steroids, have on male fertility.
But if you’re new to all this, you might be shocked to
study that Anavar is derived from DHT. Despite this, Anavar does NOT include the potent androgenic unwanted effects of most
other DHT-derived steroids. Anabolic steroid use
among females for efficiency enhancement is unsurprisingly considerably lower than among males.
While this aspect impact isn’t prone to develop as
rapidly as voice adjustments or hair progress, it’s a reminder of why maintaining lower doses and utilizing milder compounds is crucial.
Different male-specific side effects of steroids include the development of breast tissue (gynecomastia) because of elevated estrogen levels.
Roid rage, or adjustments in anger and aggression management, can also impact male steroid users.
Not all men will experience increased aggressiveness, and research has
proven that solely a tiny % of them discover this facet impact.
EQ can improve blood strain, so dosing is usually
set at 50-75% of the testosterone dose to reduce the cardiovascular danger.
It merely means you need to bear in mind of the best
TYPES of steroids to make use of for what you’re making an attempt to realize.
And, for us bodybuilders, it’s the anabolic steroid
class that serves our wants. Largely, we’ll do frontloading when using slower-acting steroids which have an extended half-life, like some of the in style
testosterone esters, together with Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone Cypionate.
Frontloading is an ideal strategy because these steroids can take a
few weeks to start out delivering effects.
The DEA stories the steroids might heighten cholesterol levels,
which can result in stroke, coronary heart assault, or coronary
artery disease. These hormones are widely misused in high doses as a outcome
of people want giant muscles and improved athletic efficiency, in accordance with a evaluate printed in December 2022 in Frontiers in Endocrinology.
Young adults ought to concentrate on the reality that mental health is as necessary
as bodily health. Extra profound information of the consequences of anabolic substances
on adolescents’ central nervous system is obligatory.
Testosterone esters have more and more been utilized in replacement therapy,
however abuse of these compounds has risen as well.
A feature that every one testosterone esters have in widespread is a testosterone molecule
with a carboxylic acid group (ester linkage) connected
to the 17-beta hydroxyl group. These esters differ in structural form and measurement; they perform only to
determine the speed at which the testosterone is released from tissue.
Usually, the shorter the ester chain, the shorter the drug’s
half-life and faster the drug enters the circulation.
The evidence is so compelling that the Olympics and professional sports implement bans on testosterone
use because of the unfair advantage these AAS create.
These bans to take care of truthful competitors are also
a part of AAS’s allure amongst athletes, weekend warriors, and others.
Medical Doctors generally prescribe anabolic steroids to treat
medical conditions, however folks additionally use them illegally in some sports activities settings.
If you or a loved one misuses anabolic steroids,
it’s necessary to see a physician for treatment.
The sooner you’ll find a way to handle the difficulty and discover wholesome options, the less probably you are to expertise
potentially lethal risks in the future. While anabolic steroids
have their place in the remedy of sure medical circumstances, these medications usually are not secure for any
other use.
So, what I’ve supplied above is a tenet that may only be used as an essential information. I’m usually finding new and better methods to do things, like altering doses slightly
or timing, and so forth. These specifics are actions
we will only actually experiment with ourselves, and TAKE NOTE of the professionals and cons of every thing you attempt.
Injectable steroids have an hooked up ester that controls how quickly the hormone is launched, and these steroids (and their metabolites) will always stay detectable for
for a lot longer. The sort of steroid is going to be the primary
issue regarding its detection time for the reason that steroid sort will determine all the
opposite components I’ve outlined below. Anti-doping authorities are properly conscious that some athletes will continue to do everything potential to try
to circumvent testing constructive, so we are able to think of steroid drug testing as a game of cat and mouse, which is frequently evolving.
AddictionResource aims to current the most correct, trustworthy, and up-to-date medical content material
to our readers. Our group does their finest for our readers to
assist them keep knowledgeable about vital healthcare choices.
Furthermore, anabolics can cut back the blood move to the penis, hence decreasing libido and causing impotence.
The decreased blood move and the issue getting or maintaining
an erection may cause a user’s penis to look smaller, although
the length suffers no factual modifications. Moreover, the psychological
opposed reactions listed above are solely some of the
few.
As with other unwanted facet effects, some AAS customers self-medicate to mitigate this unfavorable shift in lipid profile.
This contains each dietary supplements, such as niacin, purple yeast rice extract and berberine,
but additionally prescription medication similar to statins.
Niacin raises HDL-cholesterol, but has no effect on general mortality, cardiovascular mortality, non-cardiovascular
mortality, the variety of deadly or non-fatal myocardial infarctions, nor the number
of deadly or non-fatal strokes (134).
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Deciding on a new stack can be difficult, with the
many options out there and the plethora of opinions on which is greatest.
An intriguing stack recognized for its potent results
and dramatic outcomes – it’s a pairing that’s brought on quite a stir in the bodybuilding community.
There are several supplements and steroids out there within the bodybuilding subject that could be used to obtain excellent results.
Whether Or Not you’re a seasoned bodybuilder or just beginning
out, this information is for you. We’ll cowl everything you
should know to make probably the most of Winstrol in your bulking
cycle. So, let’s get started and uncover the
method to obtain your bulking targets with Winstrol. Nevertheless, we now have had girls experience positive results whereas avoiding side effects
on Winstrol when taking a low dose of 5 mg/day or under.
Simply like testosterone, women also naturally have very low ranges
of DHT, however never enough that it would cause the event
of masculine physical traits. The area where Winstrol excels
the most when it comes to results in pure athletic performance.
Energy and speed obtain outstanding boosts, as does general
strength to assist all-round efficiency enhancement.
When used responsibly, it might possibly certainly contribute to
reaching bodybuilding targets and enhancing bodily performance.
Nevertheless, the selection of compounds have to be accomplished with care, bearing in mind personal responses and tolerance to every substance.
Only then can the beneficial outcomes be better optimized in a safer manner.
A appropriate dosage of Winstrol can be maintained throughout, usually
between 10 to 20 milligrams per day for knowledgeable
users. The added steroid or supplement would wish its own set dosage, typically knowledgeable by
previous experiences or established tips.
For bodybuilders who have turn out to be accustomed
to Winstrol and want to optimize their gains, a stacked cycle could
be a potential possibility. Stacking refers to using multiple sort of
steroid or complement inside a cycle.
Though injectable Winstrol is not quite common amongst feminine athletes and bodybuilders, 15mg injected every different day (for an approximate total
of 60mg per week) is an effective suggestion.
One space of prominent concern is that of HPTA suppression, which is a
given with the utilization of any anabolic steroid. Research have demonstrated that
with even as low as 10mg/day of Winstrol, topics experienced a 55% decrease in endogenous Testosterone production after solely 14 days[14].
Hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) is also one effect that one should be aware
of with Winstrol, particularly with use of the oral variant[15].
The injectable preparation of Winstrol has additionally raised considerations in studies, where severe hepatotoxicity was eventually skilled by otherwise healthy individuals[16].
It is due to this fact really helpful to make
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eight weeks at a time. The use of a 5-alpha reductase (5AR)
inhibitor, such as Finasteride, Dutasteride,
Proscar, or Propecia shall be utterly ineffective here,
as Winstrol doesn’t convert into DHT.
Whereas men will usually use winny for chopping, ladies
have the luxury of with the ability to use it for both.
Which is why women can use Winstrol and revel in impressive results from doing so.
You can see why so many women appear so obsessed with discovering a solution to all of their weight-related issues.
There’s a cause why the majority of slimming tablets and food plan plans out there are geared toward women.
Bodybuilders can even buy Winstrol drugs on the market online during their off-season or if they are recovering
from excessive interval intensity coaching (HIIT) muscle accidents.
By adhering to finest practices and maintaining consistency, Stanozolol can ship important and measurable
enhancements in both efficiency and physical look.
Whereas Winstrol is most popular by males because of its low estrogenic
impact this could have an reverse effect on ladies. Gynectrol
has been particularly formulated to naturally melt away undesirable chest fats.
Taking into account Winstrol’s position in bodybuilding, there’s no
doubt that it stands as a formidable asset in the vast arsenal
of performance-enhancing substances. Its capacity to facilitate muscle improvement, increase energy,
and presumably contribute to shedding kilos has garnered favor
among bodybuilders and health aficionados.
Nevertheless, handling such a potent element calls for prudence and aware utility.
Employing the right dosage, adhering to a well-balanced food
regimen, and interesting in consistent workouts are indispensable factors in attaining the sought-after physique construction, along with the use of
the steroid. Sometimes, Winstrol dosages for men are higher than for ladies because of variations
in physique composition, metabolic price, and tolerance ranges.
Men are usually beneficial a daily dosage throughout the range of 50mg to 100mg.
This carefully considered vary is tailored to make sure constructive outcomes and improve overall health.
Unlike many steroids, Winstrol doesn’t convert to estrogen, eliminating the risk of water retention and gynecomastia.
This makes it perfect for chopping cycles, as it helps users achieve a tough, outlined, and vascular
physique. Winstrol, also recognized as stanozolol, is a
popular anabolic steroid generally utilized by athletes
and bodybuilders to reinforce efficiency and promote muscle progress.
However, one potential concern when utilizing Winstrol is
its impression on testosterone ranges within the body.
To get essentially the most out of Winstrol in a bulking cycle, it’s essential to make use of it together with different anabolic steroids and dietary supplements.
For example, Winstrol is usually stacked with testosterone, Dianabol, or Anadrol
to assist promote muscle growth and improve energy features.
The particular combination of drugs used will rely
on your individual objectives and desires.
Although side effects range from individual to particular person, common unwanted aspect effects from using winstrol embody acne and
pores and skin circumstances, liver harm, heart
disease, hypertension, edema, and hair loss.
Different side effects can embrace erectile dysfunction, testicular shrinkage, insomnia, poor immune perform, and heaps of more.
If you strive to save cash or cut corners by not doing a PCT you’ll start to lose muscle
mass and are likely to experience different unfavorable issues as properly.
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