Monthly Archives: September 2025

Access to Mental Health Services for Minors in Singapore: Legal Challenges and Solutions

What can the law do to support the betterment of mental health of minors? In Singapore, the mental health of minors has become a critical public health concern with high rates of mental illness and suicide among youths. A potential barrier to minors’ access to mental health services is the legal requirement for parental or guardian consent. This creates challenges when parents don’t understand or acknowledge their child’s mental health needs, minors aren’t ready to discuss mental health with their parents and parents worry about stigma or future implications of a mental health diagnosis. My article ‘Revisiting Consent, Gillick Competency, Parens Patriae, and the Access of Minors to Mental Health Services in Singapore’ published in Medical Law International examines the legal infrastructure governing minors’ ability to access mental health services and explores whether current laws are adequate, or if alternatives like the Gillick competency or lowered statutory consent thresholds are needed. In addition, it considers the court’s jurisdictional powers in relation to the care and treatment of minors in the face of parental objection or disagreement.

The Adoption of the Concept of Layered Property Ownership in Poland

Poland operates under a continental legal system, which has strong roots in Roman law. This influence is particularly visible in the approach to property rights in Poland. Accordingly, the provisions of the Polish Civil Code—governing, among others, property law—are inspired by certain Roman legal principles. For example, Article 143 of the Polish Civil Code reflects the principle of superficies solo cedit, which means that what is on the land belongs to the land. Pursuant to the aforementioned article of the Polish Civil Code, within the boundaries defined by the socio-economic purpose of the land, ownership of the land extends to the space above and below its surface. This means that, as a rule in Poland, the landowner also owns everything above and below the land’s surface.