(1) Energy efficiency in historic buildings: Role of Urban Built Heritage of Mumbai in managing change and integrating United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals

Cultural Heritage is not listed as one of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals of 2030 agenda, however, its contribution is across goals 3,4,5,8,9,11,13,16 and 17. While discussing socio‐economic reform within cities using SDGs, cultural heritage is an integral factor. In terms of sustainability, cultural heritage can act as a driver and enabler for historic urban settlements. This built heritage is not stuck in time but rather imbibes the change over a period in time, witnessing patterns of occupation and consumption that have drastically altered within the last few decades. Their ability to adapt and evolve to meet the current needs, make them a fascinating area of study specifically, in the field of climate change and resilience. Built heritage contributes to the subject of climate adaptation and resilience by disseminating the wisdom within the traditional knowledge‐based systems. The pattern of consumption of energy in the historic structures and their contribution towards the study of energy efficiency is generally overlooked in the discipline of cultural heritage and urban resilience studies. This pattern in historic structures is different and less foreseeable as compared to modern structures. Cities like Mumbai have a plethora of built heritage structures and precincts that require a specialized integrated development vision and planning with a clear understanding of the role of built heritage and its impact on making climate‐adaptive cities by leveraging a circular economy.

This paper attempts to initiate the dialogue on integrating cultural heritage as one of the key enablers to derive holistic integrated development for sustainable cities. The paper through historic building case studies discusses and demonstrates the various SDG’s involvement in identifying certain goals and their respective drivers. The methodology discussed to understand and derive energy consumption patterns within historic buildings not only identifies the potential adaptive reuse/rehabilitation contribution towards circular economy strategies for the city but also signifies the role of built heritage within sustainable development practice. The study shall thus create a base work for further in‐depth analysis on generating frameworks and toolkits to be embedded to measure the role of heritage buildings in creating sustainable and climate response historic cities.

 

About the authors:
Kimaya S. Keluskar (Presenting)
Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies, Mumbai, India

Kimaya Keluskar (Architect with specialization in Environmental Design and Engineering. IGBC AP & GRIHA Trainer). She holds a B‐arch degree in Architecture from KRVIA, Mumbai, 2006. Her MSc thesis has been published in Consultation on School Carbon Management plan, UCL Evidence prepared for CIBSE, 2009. She has been teaching in KRVIA since 2010. She has jointly coordinated projects for KRVIA Design Cell in collaboration with BMW Guggenheim LAB, Lafarge Holcim foundation and Water Resource Institute (WRI). One of her research works includes ‘Mapping livability within lower income housing typologies in the city of Mumbai’ funded by ERAMUS +. She is a founding member of “Water Environs”‐a social purpose professional services enterprise for rivers and water environment conservation. She works as a Senior Energy Analyst at EdEn (Educated Environment) handling HSI (Holistic sustainable Initiative), Eco‐sensitive, Sustainable built environment design and planning, feasibility reports and green certification. Currently she is working on developing the content for Mashal Institute housing project at Yerwada, Pune.

 

Sanaeya E. Vandrewala (Presenting)
Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies, Mumbai, India

Sanaeya Vandrewala is a Conservation Architect graduated from University of York (2007) and associated with several practices in both UK and India. She is an Assistant Professor at KRVIA for Masters in Urban Conservation. She has received training at York Glaziers Trust, UK, Attingham Trust, UK in Study of Historic Houses and ICCROM training in Management and Monitoring of World Heritage Sites. Her portfolio projects of historic landmarks include but not limited to Raj Bhawan‐ Nainital, Municipal Headquarters‐Mumbai, MJP (Crawford) Market‐Mumbai, Grant Medical College‐ Mumbai, Le Corbusier’s Capitol Complex‐ Chandigarh and Management plans for WHS of Mahabodhi temple and Ajanta Caves, and UNESCO World heritage nomination of Mumbai. Sanaeya in on the Editorial Board of Sage publication on Collections‐ A journal for Museum and Archives Professionals. She is an ICOMOS member and part of the ICOMOS India‐ NSC on Risk Preparedness and 20th Century Modern and also a founding member for DOCOMOMO India chapter and currently working on an inventory of modern heritage in Mumbai.

 

(2) The 1880 and 2020 Earthquakes and the Architectural Heritage of the University of Zagreb

The University of Zagreb, the largest and most important higher education institution in Croatia, has its roots in the institution established by the Jesuits in 1669, which provided the foundation for the modern Francis Joseph I University established in 1874 and named after the emperor and king of Austria-Hungary, which included Croatia at the time. Unlike universities in the USA or the UK, a large number of universities in the Austria-Hungary, including Zagreb, were not built on a campus model, but were housed in buildings located in different places in the city. This was partly because they were mostly founded in large cities where it was impossible to set aside a large piece of land to be used solely by a university. Situated in an earthquake-prone area, Zagreb has been hit by two strong earthquakes, which also damaged the buildings of the University of Zagreb. The first, measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale, hit Zagreb on November 9, 1880 while the second one, with the magnitude of 5.5 degrees, occurred on March 22, 2020.

This paper aims to show approaches taken for the restoration of the University’s architectural heritage in the aftermath of the earthquakes.In 1880 the University comprised a small number of buildings, but its main building was heavily damaged and it necessitated a thorough renovation. In the decades following its renovation the University expended and, consequently, housed its numerous facilities into new buildings (Chemistry Laboratory, Institutes of Chemistry and Physics, National and University Library, Faculty of Medicine), which today represent important works of Croatian late 19th/early 20th-century public architecture. Most of these buildings were damaged in the 2020 earthquake. As they have been listed as historic monuments, and therefore protected, the most urgent repairs have already been made but they are still awaiting thorough restoration and preservation.

 

About the author:
Dragan Damjanović
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Dragan Damjanović (1978) is a full professor and the Chair of Modern Art and Visual Communications at the Art History Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia. His main research interests are related to the history of Croatian and Central European art and architecture of the 19th and 20th century. He has published 15 books and numerous papers, curated exhibitions and organized congresses related to this subject. He published several papers in English in various respected journals (Centropa, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte, Architectura, Acta Historiae Artium, Urban Design International) and in edited books. He was awarded with 6 national awards for his work, of which most important is Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Annual Award (2016). Currently, he has been heading Croatian Science Foundation project: Art and the State in Croatia from the Enlightenment to the Present.

 

(3) Sustainability and Heritage Development in a World of Change. Case Study: Universitas Ciputra-Centre for Heritage Creative Studies (UC.CCHS)

The presence of a university museum is essential to support the pedagogical activities in higher education. It serves as a repository for investigation of objects and specimens to illustrate various systems and evidence from the rich past in tangible and intangible forms. This paper aims to share our experience in creating university museums in order to establish a platform for disseminating cultural-based creative economic products in a sustainable way. Universitas Ciputra Centre of Creative UC.CCHS was inaugurated in 2018. The goal is to create a creative centre for Indonesian cultural heritage studies that addresses strategic issues related to cultural diversity, identity, the commodification of culture, and the efforts to create sustainable cultural heritage. It is also to gain a positive impact on the culture of the community as well as to strengthen Indonesia’s national identity “Unity in Diversity”. In short, UC.CCHS is a centre for co-creating the new cultural heritage for the future by conducting interdisciplinary research, collaborating with potential partners, and empowering cultural actors including the local craftsmen. This is also in line with Harisson (2013) that the cultural heritage values must be preserved through creative engagement processes that can be used as a mirror in the present and must be taken to the future for the next generation.

UC.CCHS has collaborated with Tracing Patterns Foundation, USA for documenting Indonesian traditional textiles in the form of digital archive as a database for further research and for creating a sustainable future of our local heritage. It is believed that by acknowledging the local craftsmen’s skill and expertise, they could be recognised for safeguarding the intangible living heritage. Until today, together with Gubug Wayang Museum, UC.CCHS has established a university museum to support the pedagogical activities for the School of Creative Industry and other disciplines. Hence, in the future UC.CCHS could encourage the students to create their intervention for the future facilitated by the presence of a university museum for generating new knowledge.

 

About the authors:
Michael N. Kurniawan (Presenting)
Universitas Ciputra Centre for Creative Heritage Studies(UC.CCHS), Surabaya-Indonesia

Michael Nathaniel Kurniawan is the founder and head of the Universitas Ciputra Centre for Creative Heritage Studies (UC.CCHS). He is also a Visual Communication Design Faculty at the School of Creative Industries. He is an alumnus of the Kauffman Foundation Global Visiting Faculty and he earned his M.A. in Art and Design in Education from University College London, Institute of Education. His research interests are Cultural and Creative Industries, Design and Entrepreneurship Education, Museum Education, Design Studies, and Decolonizing Design.

 

Rani Prihatmanti (Presenting)
Universitas Ciputra Centre for Creative Heritage Studies(UC.CCHS), Surabaya-Indonesia

Rani Prihatmanti is a senior lecturer in the Interior Architecture department, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Indonesia. Currently she is pursuing her Doctoral degree and also as a Research Assistant in the School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang-Malaysia. Her research areas are interior design and culture, human comfort, POE in adaptive reuse heritage building, multisensory experience in indoor environment, ethnobotany and food culture.

 

QNA Part 1

 

 

(4) The conversion of 17th-century cellars of former palaces that are now part of university campuses – archaeological and architectural studies that support the activities of university museums.

Over the past three years, studies were carried out of two cellars in seventeenth-century palaces in Białystok and in Warsaw which were later converted. One of them is located in the Branicki Palace, the seat of the Medical University of Białystok and the Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy. It was the university museum that supervised the archaeological and architectural work that led to the creation of a route for tourists. In the case of the Czapski Palace in Warsaw, the cellars, which had become filled with rubble during wartime activities, had to be cleared. The work carried out by the Academy of Fine Arts, which owns the palace, led to the cellars being converted for use by the museum as an exhibition space. At present, work has also begun at the University of Warsaw on a project to convert the cellars of the Kazimierzowski Palace for use as exhibition space. All three of the aforementioned cases relate to main university buildings located in the central parts of historical campuses

 

About the author:
Hubert Kowalski
Department of Archaeology, University of Warsaw

Hubert Kowalski, PhD, assistant professor at the Department of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. Member of Main Board of The Association of Art Historian (SHS), Main Board of the Association of Polish Museum Professionals (SMP), The International Council of Museums (ICOM), The Explorers Club, President of the Association of the University Museums, Director of the University of Warsaw Museum. His research focus is the reception of the artistic culture of ancient Greece and Rome in European art of the 17th, 18th and 19th century, looting of the cultural goods in the Early Modern Era, history of museums and museology

 

(5) Gothic Revival past and present at the University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne was established in 1853, only 18 years after the foundation of the city of Melbourne. The colony of Victoria developed quickly in wake of the gold rush and the Old Quadrangle building was commenced in 1854 in an imposing Gothic Revival style. The Gothic Revival carried associations to the architecture of the English isles, and in Australia the style was employed for educational institutions to create a strong connection with historic European universities. The Old Quadrangle, together with many other buildings rising in Melbourne in those early years, was an agent of dispossession and colonisation, marking the imposition of European ideals in Australia. It has been sitting in the middle of the Parkville campus of the University of Melbourne for over 150 years, with its spaces modified and re-purposed for different functions over time. A heritage redevelopment project completed in 2019 returned the interiors of the Gothic building to its original forms. A new exhibition space promotes students, staff and alumni’s engagement with the University history and its current research. Significantly, the first exhibition looked at the culture and traditions of the Kulin nations who inhabited the land for generations before the arrival of European settlers. This paper shows the significance of the Old Quadrangle Gothic Revival architecture, which answered the necessities of a 19th-century colonial institution and, thanks to recent developments, is still today the focal point of an international university promoting the encounter and understanding of different cultures.

 

About the author:
Paola Colleoni
The University of Melbourne

Paola Colleoni received her doctorate from the University of Melbourne in 2020. Her dissertation examines issues of patronage in the creation of Gothic Revival ecclesiastical architecture in colonial Victoria. Paola’s research focuses on how, in the 19th century, art and architecture have been used as markers of identity in the Asia Pacific region. She has presented her findings at public talks and international conferences in Europe and Australia. Paola was a researcher and curator for the exhibition The Invention of Melbourne – A Baroque Archbishop and a Gothic Architect (Old Treasury Building Museum, Melbourne, 1st August 2019 – 2nd March 2020) and is the editor of its catalogue. Paola currently teaches art history and theory at Hong Kong Baptist University and museum studies at Lingnan University Hong Kong.

 

(6) Various evaluations of Toyoda Auditorium in Nagoya University since 1960

This paper focuses on the Toyoda Auditorium of Nagoya University in Japan and introduces various evaluations and criticisms of this building from the time of completion to the present. Then it reviews the current evaluation of Toyoda Auditorium as both an architectural heritage and one of the facilities in the university. The Toyoda Auditorium completed in 1960 was designed by a Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki, who got the Pritzker Architecture Prize and UIA Gold Medal in 1993, and Toyoda Auditorium is noted as his first work. In 1963 Architectural Institute of Japan presented the AIJ Prize of 1962 to Maki with an evaluation of the Toyoda Auditorium. But from 1970’s to 2000’s the Toyoda Auditorium had been criticized by many staff and students in Nagoya University. Especially, there had been many criticisms for its function as a multipurpose hall despite being a lecture theatre. And based on misunderstanding modernism architectural theory or the ‘Metabolism’ any people criticized its exterior made from fair-faced concrete.

However, in 2004 DOCOMOMO Japan registered the Toyoda Auditorium as the one of DOCOMOMO Japan 100, and DOCOMOMO Japan presented the memorial plate to Nagoya University in 2005. Then Nagoya University decided to preserve and improve to use it as a main university facility forever, from 2006 to 2008 Nagoya University improved the Toyoda Auditorium with seismic reinforcement and some new facilities. Then in 2010 Nagoya University applied to the Cultural Agency for the Toyoda Auditorium as the national registered cultural property with three evaluations which are consist of some modernism architectural methods, example of ‘Metabolism Architecture’, and new university gate.

 

About the author:
Nishizawa Yasuhiko
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Japan

Nishizawa Yasuhiko is a professor, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University. He earned his B.Eng. in 1983 from Nagoya University, M. Eng. in 1985 and Dr. Eng. in 1993 from The University of Tokyo, Japan. He was a Chinese Government-sponsored international student at School of Architecture, Tsinghua University from 1988 to 1991. From 1997 he was an associate professor at Nagoya University, and in 2014 he became a Professor at Nagoya University. Nishizawa’s research interest includes history of architecture from 19th century to 20th century in the East Asia. Especially, he focused on modernization process of architecture and building technology in the East Asia. From 2002 to 2005 he contributed to select DOCOMOMO Japan 100 as a member of DOCOMOMO Japan. Now he is an expert advisor of the Subcommittee on Cultural Properties at the Council for Cultural Affairs in Japan and contributes to preserve some cultural properties in Japan.

 

QNA Part 2