Category: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Hydroxychloroquine – New Safety Advisory on Congenital Malformations, Phospholipidosis, and Myasthenia Gravis Aggravation

The Health Science Authority (HSA), Singapore, has announced that Sanofi-Aventis Pte Ltd has issued a “Dear Healthcare Professional Letter” to provide critical updates on the safety profile of Plaquenil® (Hydroxychloroquine sulphate). Healthcare professionals are urged to take note of these new findings, particularly in patients who are pregnant, those with myasthenia gravis, or individuals at risk of developing phospholipidosis.

Key Safety Update – Increased Risk of Major Congenital Malformations: A 2021 study by Huybrechts et al. has reported a small but significant increase in the relative risk of major congenital malformations linked to hydroxychloroquine when administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. The risk becomes more pronounced at higher daily dosages (≥ 400 mg/day).

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Why is hydroxychloroquine used for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Why is an antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine, used as a rheumatological immunosuppressant in disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), originally developed as an antimalarial, has become a cornerstone in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren’s syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. How does this drug help address the challenges posed by these autoimmune diseases?

1. Interference with lysosomal activity and autophagy:
HCQ increases the pH within intracellular lysosomes, interrupting the autophagy of macromolecules and antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells. This leads to diminished T cell stimulation, providing an advantage in autoimmune conditions like SLE by modulating immune responses.

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