Left inverse implies right inverse

Proposition. Suppose that $\forall a,\exists a^{-1}\textrm{ such that }a^{-1}a=1$, then $\forall a,aa^{-1}=1$, where $a^{-1}$ is the same as that in the hypothesis.

Proof. Let $a$ be arbitrary.
$$\begin{align*}a^{-1}a&=1\\ aa^{-1}a&=a\\ aa^{-1}aa^{-1}&=aa^{-1}\\ (aa^{-1})^{-1}aa^{-1}aa^{-1}&=(aa^{-1})^{-1}aa^{-1}\\ aa^{-1}&=1.\quad\square\end{align*}$$

It’s impossible to prove this proposition if we delete $\forall a$, because just $a^{-1}a=1$ is too weak and has nothing to do with the value of $aa^{-1}$.

Invertible iff full row

On page 90 of How to Think about Abstract Algebra, Lara Alcock says,

An element has an inverse if and only if every element appears in its row [in the multiplication table of a binary operation].

Let’s prove this. ($\Rightarrow$) Suppose $gg^{-1}=1$ and $a$ is an arbitrary element. We want to prove that $\exists h$ such that $gh=a$. Just pick $h=g^{-1}a$.

($\Leftarrow$) If $g$ is not invertible, then $1$ does not appear in its row.

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