Gender has a material effect on social, economic, and political experience. In nearly every aspect of life, there is a discernible difference between the opportunities available to men, women, and non-binary or non-conforming individuals; this in turn results in gaps in attainment along various dimensions including education, health, and livelihoods. These gaps pose persistent challenges to policymakers who strive to minimize the differences in policy impact across various segments of their target populations.