By Amy Lin
Singapore once boasted over 200 kampongs (villages), a number that has now dwindled to almost none. These Chinese kampongs typically revolved around village temples, which functioned as multifunctional community hubs. They served not only as places of worship but also as venues for dispute resolution, cultural performances, and education. Over 300 village temples were eventually consolidated into 68 United or Joint Temples. Despite these relocations, many temples have preserved valuable historical artifacts, including stone inscriptions, wooden plaques, incense burners, photographs, and handwritten records, offering precious glimpses into early kampong life.
The research project Reconstructing and Rediscovering Kampong Heritage through Local Chinese Temples, led by Prof Kenneth Dean (NUS Department of Chinese Studies) and Dr Wu Qi (SUSS School of Humanities & Behavioural Sciences), and funded by the National Heritage Board, has culminated in a compelling exhibition.
Featuring historical photographs and large-format rubbings of stone inscriptions, the exhibition brings to life the rich cultural and communal heritage preserved in local Chinese temples.
It reveals the central role of temples and spirit mediums in the lives of Chinese Singaporean communities. From the first temples established along the Singapore River and the coast of Telok Ayer Street to the temples found in every kampong (over 200), these institutions were the heart and soul of each community. While other ethnic groups also built mosques, churches, and temples to unite their communities, Chinese Singaporeans relied heavily on their temples for spiritual guidance and social cohesion. Kampong residents also gathered in kopitiams and general stores, but temples remained central for seeking divine blessings.
To deepen your understanding, the exhibition includes a curated selection of related library resources that explore kampong life in greater detail.
Visitors are also invited to access the comprehensive research report via this link.
This exhibition is on display at the Wan Boo Sow Chinese Library Foyer until 25th June, 2025.
