Though ozone presents a threat to the health of forests, interestingly, more sensitive species were also discovered to have the potential to serve as bioindicators of ozone. They could potentially be used to monitor ozone levels in more remote areas. Multiple studies have been conducted regarding this potential method of identifying ozone with biodiversity. This…

Plastics are very commonly used around the world. They get broken down into smaller fragments of microplastics upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, wind, or water erosion (He at al., 2018). Many of us may be familiar with the plastic problem in oceans and other water bodies, however, they are also evident in forests, particularly within…

“Never before have the earth’s ecosystems been so greatly affected by our presence” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. n.d.). A chilling statement that depicts the extent of damage that has been done by human activities. In 2000, 30% of the world was covered by forests – amassing to about 3,869 million hectares….

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, forests are land of more than 0.5 hectares with trees taller than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 10% and more. Agricultural or urban land with these characteristics are not considered forests (Food and Agriculture Organisation, n.d.). There are different types of forest in this world, characterised…